Producing mujtahid between tradition and contemporary

Among the masterpieces of religious tradition of Prophet S.A.W. is the ability to cope with the events and developments and to absorb the diversity of temporal and spatial conditions, in line with the Islamic verses. Ijtihad is the duties of sufficiency that ones have to bear them. Therefore, whoever intends to close the door of Ijtihad has erred, since the issues of mankind changeable from day to day. Although there are small number of Ijtihad individually but there are Ijtihad collectively that played big role in finding solutions which arise among people. This study discussed the issues of producing Mujtahid, in terms of qualification and youthness, according to the stipulated conditions. The study found that it is important to have selection of qualified person to become mujtahid as well as the selected tests and interviews with high accuracy, so that they could overcome the obstacles and challenges later. The study also found that there should have a concern on the important learning system in producing mujtahid and the Islamic heritage as well

Laser-cutting: A Novel Alternative Approach for Point-of-Care Manufacturing of Bespoke Tablets.

A novel subtractive manufacturing method to produce bespoke tablets with immediate and extended drug release is presented. This is the first report on applying fusion laser cutting to produce bespoke furosemide solid dosage forms based on pharmaceutical-grade polymeric carriers. Cylindric tablets of different sizes were produced by controlling the two-dimensional design of circles of the corresponding diameter. Immediate and extended drug release patterns were achieved by modifying the composition of the polymeric matrix. Thermal analysis and XRD indicated that furosemide was present in an amorphous form. The laser-cut tablets demonstrated no significant drug degradation (<2%) nor the formation of impurities were identified. Multi-linear regression was used to quantify the influences of laser-cutting process parameters (laser energy levels, scan speeds, and the number of laser applications) on the depth of the laser cut. The utility of this approach was exemplified by manufacturing tablets of accurate doses of furosemide. Unlike additive or formative manufacturing, the reported approach of subtractive manufacturing avoids the modification of the structure, e.g., the physical form of the drug or matrix density of the tablet during the production process. Hence, fusion laser cutting is less likely to modify critical quality attributes such as release patterns or drug contents. In a point-of-care manufacturing scenario, laser cutting offers a significant advantage of simplifying quality control and a real-time release of laser-cut products such as solid dosage forms and implants

Action-based recommendation in pull-request development

Pull requests (PRs) selection is a challenging task faced by integrators in pull-based development (PbD), with hundreds of PRs submitted on a daily basis to large open-source projects. Managing these PRs manually consumes integrators' time and resources and may lead to delays in the acceptance, response, or rejection of PRs that can propose bug fixes or feature enhancements. On the one hand, well-known platforms for performing PbD, like GitHub, do not provide built-in recommendation mechanisms for facilitating the management of PRs. On the other hand, prior research on PRs recommendation has focused on the likelihood of either a PR being accepted or receive a response by the integrator. In this paper, we consider both those likelihoods, this to help integrators in the PRs selection process by suggesting to them the appropriate actions to undertake on each specific PR. To this aim, we propose an approach, called CARTESIAN (aCceptance And Response classificaTion-based requESt IdentificAtioN) modeling the PRs recommendation according to PR actions. In particular, CARTESIAN is able to recommend three types of PR actions: accept, respond, and reject. We evaluated CARTESIAN on the PRs of 19 popular GitHub projects. The results of our study demonstrate that our approach can identify PR actions with an average precision and recall of about 86%. Moreover, our findings also highlight that CARTESIAN outperforms the results of two baseline approaches in the task of PRs selection

Novel formulation of ‘painkiller’ using vegetarian capsule

Solid dosage forms can be generally divided into two broad classes, i.e. tablet and capsule. Although the use of tablet is more complicated in terms of formulation, the simpler capsule has inherent problem of having the origin of animal for its gelatin, major constituent of hard gelatin capsule shell. There are a few notorious shortcomings associated with the employment of bovine hard gelatin capsule. Although the source of bovine can be certified halal, but the way the slaughtering is conducted could be an issue. Moreover, the risk of contracting a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), especially bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is highly exposed to the consumers of this bovine-derived gelatin. Therefore, objective of this study is to formulate a painkiller with suitable excipients and encapsulate the powder mix into hard vegetarian capsule. The painkiller of choice is a Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) namely Mefenamic Acid, of which the proprietary name is Ponstan®. Several formulation variables were investigated including powder flow properties for each of the ingredients and the powder mix. The effect of the powder mix towards disintegration time of the capsule was evaluated. The disintegration time were compared to that reference drug, Ponstan® capsule. It was found that, each of the ingredients represent different flow properties that contributed to formulation challenge. However, regardless of different ratios of excipients, the disintegration times of the Mefenamic acid vegetarian capsules (MAvege) were within regulatory requirement. In addition, since all excipients employed were of plant origin, the results suggest that this novel formulation of painkiller could be the first promising alternative painkiller suitable for vegetarian

Application des fractals à la conception d'antennes compactes et multibandes

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Analyse du transcriptome du champignon Magnaporthe oryzae et d'une bactérie du genre Burkholderia mis en confrontation in vitro

National audienceLa plante héberge de nombreux microorganismes comme nsauxou pathogènes, au niveau de la phyllosphère ou de la rhizosphère. Ces microorganismes interagissent avec la plante mais aussi entre eux. Les interactions négatives entre micro-organismes, ou antibiose, pourraient être utilisés en lutte biologique. Différents mécanismes d'action chez des bactéries capables d'inhiber la croissance de champignons ont été décrits, soit directs (sécrétion d'antibiotiques, d'enzymes extracellulaires ou d'autres molécules antifongiques),soit indirects (compétition interspécifique pour les nutriments, induction d'une résistance systémique). Ce projet vise à étudier, par une approche de co-transcriptome, l'action antagoniste (démontrée in vitro) dela bactérie Burkholderia gladiolii (Bg) régulièrement trouvée dans la phyllosphère du riz, sur le champignon phytopathogène Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo)responsable de la pyriculariose du riz. Nous avons extrait les ARN totaux deMo et de Bg après 3 jours de confrontation en boîte de Pétri, en comparaison de situations témoins (cultures seules des deux organismes). Ces transcriptomes vont être séquencés avec la technique RNAseq. Nous allons comparer le transcriptome de chaque condition (témoin et confrontation). Ceci nous permettra de déterminer les gènes bactériens différentiellement exprimés au cours de l'antibiose. Les candidats possibles incluent les systèmes de sécrétion, les voies de synthèse des enzymes chitinolytiques, ou du métabolisme secondaire. Nous déterminerons également les gènes fongiques impliqués dans la perception et la réponse à la présence de la bactérie. Les candidats possibles incluent les gènes du métabolisme des glucides, de la réponse au stress, des oxydoréductases, les gènes impliqués dans la reconnaissance du soi, et des cascades de signalisation des champignons. Les résultats de ce travail pourront contribuer à l'élaboration de méthodes de biocontrôle pour aider à réduire l'utilisation des produits phytosanitaires sur le riz

Mechanics and growth of plants ‘on a chip’

National audienc

Germination, mechanics and mechanosensing in Marchantia polymorpha

International audienc

Les fibres alimentaires, dans le cadre d’une sur-nutrition, ralentissent la prise de poids et protègent le foie d’une utilisation et d’un captage excessif de glucose

National audienc